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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
City University of Hong Kong start-up grant (9610576)
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This is an observational study. UK Biobank has approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee as a Research Tissue Bank approval (11/NW/0382, 16/NW/0274, 21/NW/0157). In addition, all participants provided informed consent when collecting data (available at ).
