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Authors
Wu, Qiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-1659
Bosanac, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-7316
Shokhirev, Maxim N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-8657
Raffington, Laurel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-5605
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jacobs Foundation
European Union (#101073237)
National Institutes of Health (1R01HD114724)
Projekt DEAL
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 13 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: The current study performed secondary data analyses using the SOEP-G data. Participants or the parents of minor participants consented to the archiving, extraction, and analysis of DNA-based measures. Ethical approval for DNA-based research was received by the Research Ethics Review Board of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, School of Business and Economics (application number 20181018.1.pkr730) and the Ethics Council of the Max Planck Society (application number 2019_16).
: Not Applicable.
: QW, MB, and LR have no financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. MNS declares that he is a full-time employee of the company Longevity Sciences, Inc. (dba Tally Health), which sells an epigenetic age test that is inspired by CheekAge.
