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Authors
Thapa, Deependra K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-0837
Najam, Wasiuddin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-8883
Parker, Erik S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-7900
Wang, Xi Rita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-7521
Smith, Daniel L. Jr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-2023
Beyaztas, Ufuk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-4950
Nelson, James F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-3033
Austad, Steven N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-8442
Churchill, Gary A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-9284
Allison, David B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-9399
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (P30AG050886)
National Institutes of Health (U24AG056053)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: A secondary analysis of the publicly available data was conducted in this study. Hence, no further ethics approval is required.
: The assertions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIH or any other organization.
: D.B.A. and his institution have received consulting fees, grants, contracts, and donations from multiple for-profit entities including Ro; Zero Longevity Science; and Eli Lilly and Co with interests in obesity, nutrition, statistics, and clinical trials.
