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Authors
Birchenough, Rosa
Buller-Peralta, Ingrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-9897
Marroig, Alejandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-174X
Muniz-Terrera, Graciela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-0337
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 9 November 2025
Declarations
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: All participants gave written consent prior to the ELSA study. ELSA Wave 6 received ethical approval from the NRES Committee South Central—Berkshire on 28th November 2012 (11/SC/0374). For the ELSA-HCAP Sub-study, ethical approval was given from the South Central-Berkshire National Health Services (NHS) Research Ethics Committee and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed verbal consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
