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Authors
Mei, Davide Antonio
Proietti, Marco
Romiti, Giulio Francesco
Bucci, Tommaso
Corica, Bernadette
Shantsila, Alena
Tse, Hung-Fat
Boriani, Giuseppe
Chao, Tze-Fan
Lip, Gregory Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-1626
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: For the EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Atrial Fibrillation General Long-Term Registry, ethical approval was obtained at both national and institutional levels, and the study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and EU guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (CPMP/ECH/135/95). For the Asia–Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) AF registry, the respective local ethics committees approved the study protocol.
: GFR reports consultancy for Boehringer Ingelheim and an educational grant from Anthos, outside the submitted work. No fees are directly received personally. GB is the Principal Investigator of the ARISTOTELES project (Applying.Artificial Intelligence to define clinical trajectories for personalized prediction and early detection of comorbidity and multimorbidity patterns that received funding from the European Union within the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant N. 101080189) and reports small speaker fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston, BMS, Daiichi, Sanofi, and Janssen outside the submitted work.GYHL: Consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Anthos. No fees are received personally. He is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator and co-PI of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in AF (grant agreement No 899871), TARGET project on digital twins for personalised management of atrial fibrillation and stroke (grant agreement No 101136244), and ARISTOTELES project on artificial intelligence for the management of chronic long-term conditions (grant agreement No 101080189), which are all funded by the EU’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme.MP: Italian national Principal Investigator of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in atrial fibrillation, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 899871.The other authors do not have conflicts of interest to report.
