Liu, Hongxing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-4125
Bai, Yanru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3959-7898
Guo, Mingkun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7649-2642
Zhao, Ran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-1649
Zhu, Jianing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-5562
Ni, Guangjian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9240-3020
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (824B2056)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2023YFF1203500)
Seed Foundation of Tianjin University (2025XJ1-0006)
Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Tianjin University (Approval No. TJUE-2024–384), and all participants provided written informed consent prior to the experiment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.