Teglas, Timea
Torma, Ferenc
Bori, Zoltan
Aczel, Dora
Babszky, Gergely
Kawamura, Takuji
Higuchi, Mitsuru
Yaodong, Gu
Lee, Muhammad
Horvath, Steve
Radak, Zsolt https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-6804
Funding for this research was provided by:
New National Excellence Program, and the Scientific Excellence Program (TKP2021-EGA-37)
National Science and Research Foundation (OTKA 142192)
New National Exercise Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (EKÖP-EFOK-9-2024)
Hungarian University of Sports Science
Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
Ethics and consent to participate: The study was approved by the National Public Health Center in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and the regulations applicable in Hungary (7147–6/2022EUIG). All participants gave their written consent after receiving a detailed explanation of the study’s aims, procedures, potential risks, and expected benefits. Participant privacy and data confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the entire research process. The study was conducted in full compliance with all applicable ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure the protection of participants’ rights and well-being.
Conflict of interest: The Regents of the University of California are the sole owner of patents and patent applications directed at epigenetic biomarkers for which Steve Horvath is a named inventor; SH is a founder and paid consultant of the non-profit Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation that licenses these patents. SH is a Principal Investigator at the Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science.