Lopes, Cátia R.
Madeira, Daniela
Piteira, Madalena
Valada, Pedro
Santos, Joana
Silva, Henrique B.
Gonçalves, Francisco Q.
Tomé, Ângelo R.
Canas, Paula M.
Lopes, João Pedro
Ferreira, Samira G.
Agostinho, Paula
Cunha, Rodrigo A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-6422
Funding for this research was provided by:
Programa Operacional Regional do Centro (CENTRO-01-0246-FEDER-00001)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE2030-FEDER-0067630)
Universidade de Coimbra
Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Experiments were conducted in agreement with European legislation (Directive 2010/63/EU) and the Portuguese law on animal care (113/2013) after approval by the Institution's Ethical Committee (ORBEA_300/2021; DGAV018449) and certification by Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária (018449, 29–11-2021).
: RAC is a scientific consultant of the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee (ISIC). All other authors report no conflicts of interests.