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Authors
Smulders, Larissa
Mak, Jonathan K. L.
Hägg, Sara
Deelen, Joris https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-3701
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2022-01608)
Vetenskapsrådet (2021-00180)
Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: All participants provided informed consent. The TwinGene study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board in Stockholm.
: During the preparation of this article, the authors used an AI language model to assist with editing and revising the text for clarity, conciseness, and adherence to journal guidelines. The AI tool was used solely for language refinement and structural suggestions. All scientific content, data interpretation, and final manuscript approval were performed by the authors. The AI tool did not contribute to the conception, design, analysis, or interpretation of the study.
: The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this work.
