Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Ding, Tsu-Jen
Hsu, Hui-Yu
Chen, Jui-Cheng
Yao, Chen-Yu
Yao, Zai-Fu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-9110
Tseng, Tzuhui Angie
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (112-2410-H-007-018-MY2)
China Medical University Hospital (CMUHCHNTHU- 113-004)
China Medical University Hospital (CMUHCH-DMR-114-005)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (IRB No. CMUH113-REC1-056). All procedures adhered to the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation in the study. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Institutional Review Board from National Tsing Hua University and China Medical University. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist in language polishing.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
