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Authors
Gu, Yunrui
Ryan, Joanne
Phyo, Aung Zaw Zaw
Wu, Zimu
Orchard, Suzanne G.
Shah, Raj C.
Vishwanath, Swarna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-5997
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the US National Institutes of Health (U01AG029824)
the US National Institutes of Health (U19AG062682)
the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (334047)
the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1127060)
Monash University
the Victorian Cancer Agency
National Health and Medical Research Council (2016438)
National Heart Foundation of Australia (110205-2025_PDF)
Monash University
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
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: The data for the present secondary data analysis study were from a five-year ASPREE clinical trial and follow-on observational study (ASPREE-XT) – Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN 83772183) and clinical trials.gov (NCT 01038583). The ASPREE trial in Australia was approved by multiple Institutional Review Boards with primary ethics approval granted by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (CF07/3730–2006/745MC). In Australia, the ASPREE-XT study received ethics approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Alfred Health (HREC/17/Alfred/198); The University of Tasmania (H0017149); Monash University (12771); ACT Health (ETH.3.18.037E); and The University of Adelaide (32802). Studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, revised 2008), NHMRC Guidelines on Human Experimentation, the federal patient privacy (HIPAA) law and ICH-GCP and International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice.
: All individual participants of the ASPREE and ASPREE-XT studies, signed informed consent on participation.
: All authors gave their approval for submission.
: No animals were used for this research. The study on humans was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki 2008 revision, NHMRC Guidelines on Human Experimentation, the federal patient privacy (HIPAA) law, the International Conference of Harmonisation Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice, and the Code of Federal Regulations. ASPREE also follows the Code of Federal Regulations as it relates to areas of clinical research. The overall management and conduct of the ASPREE clinical trial are the responsibility of the ASPREE Steering Committee.
: Dr. Raj C. Shah reports that, within the past two years, he has served as site principal investigator or sub-investigator for Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials for which his institution (Rush University Medical Center) received compensation from Athira Pharma, Inc., Annovis Bio, Inc., Edgewater NEXT, Eisai, Inc., and Genentech, Inc. He also reports a compensated scientific advisory board agreement with Lundbeck, Inc., and a non-compensated consultancy with Novo Nordisk regarding the diagnosis and management of dementia. These activities are not related to the work presented in this manuscript. All authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.
