Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 February 2026

Accepted: 20 June 2026

First Online: 2 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized data from the publicly available, deidentified National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Because the dataset is public and contains no personally identifiable information, the research does not constitute human subjects research and was therefore exempt from IRB review. Participants provided informed written consent at data collection, which included agreement to have their data used in future studies.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.