Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA057658)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 9 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was reviewed by the Loyola University Chicago Institutional Review Board (LU# 219811) and determined to be exempt under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4)(i) as secondary research using publicly available, de-identified data. In accordance with this determination, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology).
