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Article History

Received: 14 April 2025

Accepted: 9 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study relies solely on publicly available data and does not involve experimentation with human or animal subjects. Therefore, no additional ethical approval was required. The research strictly follows the relevant academic and ethical guidelines.

: Because this study did not involve direct participation of human subjects—such as administering surveys, interviews, or clinical procedures—no formal consent to participate applies.

: All authors consent to the submission and publication of this research manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.