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Authors
Pathumcharoenwattana, Wirathep https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-3228
Sudla, Watcharasak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-9683
Chumpong, Chutima
Plubjeen, Kamolwan
Mohamadrugsapol, Dana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Juvenile Observation and Protection, Ministry of Justice, Thailand (AL1_66 _ 074_27_009)
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, Second Allied Academic Group, Chulalongkorn University (COA No. 403/66). Procedures adhered to International Ethical Standards: Declaration of Helsinki, Belmont Report, CIOMS, and ICH‑GCP.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
