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Article History

Accepted: 18 July 2024

First Online: 6 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. All authors have approved the submitted version and agree to be personally accountable for the author’s own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved and the resolution documented in the literature.

: The experimental setting was conducted with subjects older than 18, in line with the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, ), and received official prior approval from the Berlin Senate responsible for data security and ethical concerns.

: Before the experiment, students were informed about the study’s aim and potential safety concerns, including the risk of simulator sickness. They were also told that their consent was entirely voluntary. The subjects were informed that their consent was entirely voluntary, with the option to decline or, if they chose to provide consent, the ability to withdraw it prospectively at any point.