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Authors
Mazlan, Chamil Arkhasa Nikko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-3849
Othman, Muhammad Atiullah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-2210
Noor, Ahmad Rithaudin Md
Jamnongsarn, Surasak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-8639
Hidayatullah, Riyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-229X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Article History
Received: 1 January 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: The author declares that there are no competing interests.
: This study is based exclusively on secondary analysis of bibliographic metadata retrieved from the Scopus database. It did not involve human participants, personal data, student records, interviews, surveys, or experimental interventions. As such, formal ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
