Wong, Joseph T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-6284
Cai, Jessica
Lerner, Isabelle S.
Lee, Jiwon
Richland, Lindsey Engle
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2020304238)
National Science Foundation (32027447)
Institute of Education Sciences (R305A170488)
Institute of Education Sciences (R305A190467)
Article History
Received: 27 April 2023
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
:
: There are no conflicts of interest to report. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study and all procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of California, Irvine.
: Approval to conduct research involving human participants were obtained and approved by the Institutional Review Board at University of California, Irvine.