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Authors
Huang, Sora Chi-Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-6665
Chen, Zhi-Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-827X
Lin, Yu-Tzu
Yeh, Martin K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education ("Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences" of National Taiwan Normal University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 108-2511-H-003-043)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (109-2511-H-003-009)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation or presentation of the research findings.
Ethical approval: The study acknowledges the importance of ethical issues concerning participants; therefore, the process has passed the ethical reviews and adheres to ethical guidelines and principles throughout the study.
Informed consent: Participants’ informed consent has been obtained, and their privacy and confidentiality have been maintained.
