Yao, Yuhua
Zou, Zhuo
Djehiche, Boualem
Hu, Xiaoming
Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Revised: 12 February 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Conflict of Interest
: HU Xiaoming is an editorial board member for Journal of Systems Science & Complexity and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.