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Authors
Chen, Xueyao
Yu, Ruijie
Gao, Xiaoyuan
Zhang, Xinwen
Gao, Yuan
Han, Yanli
Lu, Minghui
Xie, Hongqiang
Zou, Yang
Xu, Peiwen
Chen, Zi-Jiang
Yu, Yunhai
Zhao, Han
Zhao, Rusong
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 13 December 2025
First Online: 27 February 2026
Compliance and ethics
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This study was approved by the Medicine Ethics Committee of The Second Hospital of Shandong University (KYLL-2023-423) and Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University (LS[2023]No.104). The Medicine Ethics Committees of The Second Hospital of Shandong University and Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University evaluated the scientific merit and ethics of this study. The committee fully reviewed tissue donation and use. All donors provided a voluntary informed consent for the research use of placental tissue. The informed consent process followed the guidelines of the 2000 Helsinki Declaration and China’s Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Health. No financial compensation was provided. Donors were informed that donated tissue would be used to study trophoblast disease and that donation would not affect their treatment.
