Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 13 July 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Ethics
: Conflict of Interest Qi XIA and Tielin SHI are members of the Editorial Board of Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, who were excluded from the peer review and all editorial decisions related to the acceptance and publication of this article. Peer review was handled independently by other editors to minimize potential bias.