Naman, Abdul
Mehmood, Nasir https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2181-5783
Fatima, Anfal
Kim, Minseok
Knani, Salah
Safadi, Mahmoud El
Sobia Younas,
Funding for this research was provided by:
IITP(Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation) under the ITR (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00438288)
Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia (NBU-CRP-2025-2483)
Article History
Received: 22 June 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.