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Article History

First Online: 2 December 2019

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: The second author’s university received funding from <i>Norsk Tipping</i> (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian Government) for this work. The first author was sub-contracted by Nottingham Trent University. The second author has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling, and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsibility in Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. Both authors undertake consultancy for various gaming companies in the area of social responsibility in gambling.

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the research team's ethics committee and with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.