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Article History

First Online: 9 June 2020

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Ethics approval was granted by the research team’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the study was carried out according the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The IRB reviewed the research protocol to ensure participant confidentiality, sampling, and obtaining inform consent.

: The authors (apart from MDG) declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. MDG’s university currently receives funding from <i>Norsk Tipping</i> (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian Government) for gambling-related research. MDG has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsibility in Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. MDG also undertakes consultancy for various gaming companies in the area of social responsibility in gambling.