Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 23 November 2023

First Online: 14 December 2023

Declarations

:

: The survey protocols and all materials, including the survey questionnaires, were approved by the Research Ethics Board at the University of Waterloo, Canada (REB#20803/30570 and REB#21609/30878), King’s College London, UK (RESCM-17/18–2240), Cancer Council Victoria, Australia (HREC1603), University of Queensland, Australia (20160000330/HREC1603), and Medical University of South Carolina, USA (waived due to minimal risk). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical principles in research with human participants and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. KMC has served as paid expert witness in litigation filed against cigarette manufacturers. GTF has served as expert witness on behalf of governments in litigation involving the tobacco industry. GTF and SG served as paid expert consultants to the Ministry of Health of Singapore in reviewing the evidence on plain/standardized packaging. LS reports receiving honoraria for talks, receiving an unrestricted research grant and travel expenses to attend meetings and workshops by pharmaceutical companies that make smoking cessation products (Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson), and acting as a paid reviewer for grant-awarding bodies and as a paid consultant for health care companies. He has never received personal fees or research funding of any kind from alcohol, electronic cigarette or tobacco companies.