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Article History

Accepted: 23 April 2025

First Online: 5 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This research has been approved by the Public Institutional Review Board (IRB) designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (P01-202412–01-047).

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) during data collection for the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS). Participants provided consent for the use of their de-identified data for research purposes. As this study utilized secondary data from the KYRBS, additional informed consent from individual participants was not required. The use of this data adheres to ethical guidelines and the data access protocol established by the KDCA.

: The author declares no competing interests.

: The data utilized in this research are de-identified and do not contain any information that can be used to identify participants. Personal identifiers such as names, addresses, and contact details were removed before the data were made available for public use. This ensures that the participants’ anonymity is strictly maintained throughout the study.

: The de-identified nature of the dataset guarantees that the privacy of the participants is protected. The study adheres to all ethical guidelines for the use of human subjects in research, and the use of publicly available, de-identified data negates the need for additional informed consent or specific ethical approval from individual participants.