Nurmala, Ira
Muthmainnah, Muthmainnah
Hsieh, Guo-Jia
Salim, Lutfi Agus
Nadia, Asma
Devi, Yuli Puspita
Chen, Chao-Ying
Huang, Ru-Yi
Chen, Jung-Sheng
Griffiths, Mark D.
Lin, Chung-Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-4242
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Airlangga (1702/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2023)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2410-H-006-089-SS2)
Article History
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 27 June 2025
Declarations
: All procedures were approved by the Ethics Commission for Health Research, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Ref: 3016-KEPK) for Indonesia participants, and the Human Research Ethics Committee, National Cheng Kung University (Ref: NCKU HREC-E-111–563-2) for Taiwanese participants; and were conducted according to the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, as well as comparable ethical standards.
: All participants were informed about the study and parents provided informed consent.
: All authors declare that there are no competing interests.