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Authors
Zhuang, Shumei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8414
Song, Yuelin
Jin, Shimei
Shang, Xiaoxu
Liu, Yan
Shi, Lei
Qu, Yitong
Zhang, Yinan
Li, Lehan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20YJA840023)
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Article History
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2400082705; Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University: TMUhMEC2021013), ensuring compliance with privacy regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.
: The study was cross-sectional, and participants’ names and identities were withheld to protect their privacy, so all participants agreed to have their data published in a journal article.
: Author Zhuang has received research grants from Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Ministry of Education in China [grant number: 20YJA840023]. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
