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Authors
Auer, Michael https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7385-6816
Griffiths, Mark D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-6524
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the second author’s university ethics committee (Nottingham Trent University).
: Both authors have received research funding from Norsk Tipping (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian government). The second author (MDG) has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsibility in Gambling Trust ), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. Both authors undertake consultancy for various gaming companies in the area of player protection, harm minimization, and social responsibility in gambling.
