Cudo, Andrzej https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-8576
Kopiś-Posiej, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-4591
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Center (UMO-2019/32/C/HS6/00340)
Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institute of Psychology’s Ethics Committee (The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin).
: The authors declare no competing interests.