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Authors
Nagy, Natasa
Urbán, Róbert
Czakó, Andrea
Demetrovics, Zsolt
Horváth, Zsolt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-8186
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (STARTING 150862)
Eötvös Loránd University
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: As this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, it did not directly involve human participants. Accordingly, no informed consent or ethical approval was required for its conduct. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained within the original studies included in this review.
: During the preparation of this work the authors used OpenAI’s ChatGPT in order to perform linguistic checks and improve readability. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: The University of Gibraltar received funding from the Gibraltar Gambling Care Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit charity, and donations from gambling operators through the LCCP RET process supervised by the UK Gambling Commission. None of these funding sources are related to this study, and the funding institutions/organisations had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript writing, or decision to submit the paper for publication.
