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Article History

Received: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 30 October 2025

Declarations

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: SEM has received speaker honoraria and non-financial support for conference participation from Merck. MK contributed to this work as a former employee of the National Institutes of Health, and the opinions expressed in this work do not represent her current affiliation (Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, Japan). HHC reports non-financial support from Merck, Teva, Biogen, and Roche outside the submitted work. RR is now employed by Lundbeck, but she had no conflicts of interest at the time of trial conductance. HRS has received honoraria as speaker and consultant from Lundbeck AS, Denmark, and as editor (Neuroimage Clinical) from Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He has received royalties as book editor from Springer Publishers, Stuttgart, Germany, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, and from Gyldendal Publishers, Copenhagen, Denmark. LMV has served on scientific advisory boards for, received support for congress participation or received speaker honoraria from Amgen, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Genzyme. Her laboratory has received research support from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Genzyme. FS has served on scientific advisory boards for, served as consultant for, received support for congress participation or received speaker honoraria from Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Genzyme. His laboratory has received research support from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi Genzyme. PK, JLVG, CGM, BB and JRC have no relevant conflict of interest.