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Authors
Elshony, Hosna
Almuhanna, Rakan
Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaziz
Almatrafi, Maha K.
Ashshi, Mohammed Ahmed
Almatani, Mohammed Uthman
Al-Ghamdi, Thamer
Tawakul, Abdullah
Muddassir, Rabia
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design of the study, informed consent was waived, and all patient data were anonymized to safeguard confidentiality. The study protocol received approval from the Security Forces Hospital Makkah (SFHM) Institutional Review Board (IRB), which is registered with the National BioMedical Ethics Committee under King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology on 7/7/1436 (Registration number: HAP-02-K-052). The IRB approval number is [0749-081024], dated November 2024.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
