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Article History

Received: 10 December 2023

Accepted: 10 December 2024

First Online: 6 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The data is completed by the Research Center of Positive Psychology of the School of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University. All information is confidential. Participation is voluntary. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tsinghua University. The questionnaire was officially reviewed by the Credamo platform after development to ensure that it would not negatively affect the subjects. All subjects included in the study read the preamble to the questionnaire and agreed to use their responses for academic research, and 100% of the subjects responded positively to the informed consent questions in the questionnaire.

: All authors whose names appear on the submission: (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

: No competing interests in this study.