Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Padgett, R Noah
Felton, Chris
Case, Brendan
Lomas, Tim
Johnson, Byron
VanderWeele, Tyler
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Templeton Religion Trust (#1308)
Fetzer Institute (#4354)
John Templeton Foundation (#61665)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (#0605)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 8 February 2026
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review boards at Baylor University (IRB Reference #: 1841317) and Gallup (IRB Reference #: 2021-11-02). Gallup is a multi-national corporation, and its IRB covers all countries included in the GFS. All participants provided informed consent. The research conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. All direct common identifiers were removed from the data used in the present study by Gallup Inc.
: Tyler VanderWeele reports consulting fees from Gloo Inc., along with shared revenue received by Harvard University in its license agreement with Gloo according to the University IP policy.
