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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (20CX9JA145)
Lanzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2023-4-36)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2024
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved guidelines. The data were obtained from the SEER database, which is publicly accessible upon application and a data-use agreement; access was provided by the U.S. National Cancer Institute for research purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
