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Authors
Liu, Jinping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-882X
Zhao, Junqi
Gong, Subo
Duan, Xiaohui
Yang, Guangyi
Li, Jinxiu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: Regarding the ethics statement requirement, our research does not involve experiments with human subjects. The study utilizes publicly available datasets, which have already obtained the necessary ethical approvals from their respective originating institutions. Since we did not collect any new data from human subjects and solely relied on pre-existing, ethically cleared public data for model development and validation, no additional ethical approval was required for this work.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
