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Article History

Accepted: 27 July 2021

First Online: 11 August 2021

Declarations

:

: No external funding was used in the preparation of this article.

: Dr. Kunal Desai declares the following relationship: Consulting with Tyra BioSciences and CinRx. Dr. Landon Brown declares the following relationships: Consulting with Seattle Genetics. Wei Wei declares that he has no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Dr. Matthew Tucker declares that he has no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Dr. Chester Kao declares that he has no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Dr. Emily Kinsey declares that she has no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Dr Brian Rini declares the following relationships: Research funding (to Vanderbilt University) from Pfizer, Hoffman-LaRoche, Incyte, AstraZeneca, Taris, Seattle Genetics, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Immunomedics, BMS, Mirati Therapeutics, Merck, Surface Oncology, Dragonfly Therapeutics, Aravive and Exelixis; Consulting with Bristol Myer Squibb, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Aveo, Synthorx, Compugen, Merck, Corvus, Surface Oncology, 3DMedicines, Aravive, Alkermes, Arrowhead, GSK, Shionogi, and Eisai. Stock ownership in PTC Therapeutics. Dr. Kathryn Beckermann declares the following relationships: Research funding (to Vanderbilt) from BMS-IASLC-LCFA for a young investigator award. Consulting with Exelexis. Dr. Tian Zhang declares the following relationships: Research funding (to Duke University) from Pfizer, Janssen, Acerta, Abbvie, Novartis, Merrimack, OmniSeq, PGDx, Merck, Mirati, Astellas, and Genentech; Speaking with Genomic Health and Sanofi Aventis; Consulting with AstraZeneca, Bayer, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, Janssen, Merck, Amgen, MJH Associates, and BMS. Stock ownership/employment (spouse) from Capio Biosciences, Archimmune Therapeutics and Nanorobotics. Dr. Moshe Ornstein declares the following relationships: Consulting with BMS, Merck, Pfizer, Aveo, Exelixis, and Eisai.

: Collection and analysis of patient-level data for this article was approved by the participating institutions (Cleveland Clinic IRB-approved protocol 19-609, Duke University IRB-approved protocol Pro00101984, and Vanderbilt University IRB-approved protocol 160979).

: The need for written consent from patients was waived per above approval protocols.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Desai wrote the majority of the content of the manuscript and collected patient data for Cleveland Clinic. Drs. Brown and Tucker edited the manuscript and collected patient data at Duke University and Vanderbilt University, respectively. Mr. Wei Wei conducted the statistical analysis for this article and wrote the statistics-related content. Drs. Kao and Kinsey collected patient data for Duke University. Drs. Rini, Beckermann, Zhang, and Ornstein provided editorial input for the article.