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Article History

Accepted: 4 April 2023

First Online: 13 May 2023

Declarations

:

: The HFCI Research American Society of Clinical Oncology Travel Award funded the abstract for this project presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2022 annual meeting.

: Rayli Pichardo, Yazan Abu Omar, Kashmira Wani, and Kathren Shango have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Ding Wang was a previous employee of Henry Ford Hospital during the conduct of this research, and is currently employed at Merck Research Laboratories and has no financial and non-financial interests to disclose.

: Institutional review board review and approval were not required as the NIS is a publicly available dataset that contains de-identified patient information.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project-National Inpatient Sample. The Data Use Agreement ("Agreement") governs the disclosure and use of data in the nationwide databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, please visit () for more information on accessing Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data.

: The analysis was performed using STATA and R software. The code is available upon request.

: RP: conceived and designed the analysis, wrote the manuscript. YAO: conceived and designed the analysis, contributed data or analysis tools, performed the analysis. KW: wrote the manuscript. KS: wrote the manuscript. DW: conceived and supervised this research project through its design, data analysis, contributed critical feedbacks, and manuscript writing and its revision.