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Article History

Accepted: 14 October 2023

First Online: 30 October 2023

Declarations

:

: This research did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

: T. Yamada reported receiving grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen, AstraZeneca, and Takeda Pharmaceutical; personal fees from Eli Lilly; and holding a pending patent for PCT/JP2018/038202 with Ono Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. H. Kawachi reported receiving personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; AstraZeneca KK; Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Eli Lilly Japan KK; and Merck, Sharp & Dohme KK, outside the submitted work. M. Tamiya reported receiving grants from Boehringer Ingelheim; Ono Pharmaceutical; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Merck, Sharp & Dohme; Chugai Pharmaceutical; Daiichi-Sankyo; Eisai; and Janssen; personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim; Ono Pharmaceutical; Merck, Sharp & Dohme; Chugai Pharmaceutical; AstraZeneca; Taiho Pharmaceutical; Eli Lilly; Novartis; Pfizer; Asahi Kasei Pharmaceutical; Bayer; Amgen; Kyowa-Kirin; and Nippon Kayaku, outside the submitted work. T. Kijima reported receiving personal fees for lectures from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Merck, Sharp & Dohme KK, outside the submitted work. K. Takayama reported receiving grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical and Ono Pharmaceutical; personal fees from AstraZeneca; Chugai Pharmaceutical; Merck, Sharp & Dohme; Eli Lilly; Boehringer-Ingelheim; and Daiichi-Sankyo, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: The datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author on request.

: All procedures involving human participants performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with tenets of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The review board of each institution approved the study protocol.

: The requirement for informed consent from patients was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study, and an opt-out method was used so that patients and families could opt out of participating in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Concept and design: KM, TY. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: KM, TY, and KT. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: KM, TY. Administrative, technical, or material support: TY, KT. Supervision: TY.