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Article History

Accepted: 23 February 2024

First Online: 11 March 2024

Declarations

:

: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

: Hayato Kawachi received personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., AstraZeneca KK, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan KK, and MSD KK, outside the purview of the submitted work. Tadaaki Yamada received research grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, and Takeda Pharmaceutical, as well as personal fees from Eli Lilly. Koichi Takayama received research grants from Chugai-Roche and Ono Pharmaceutical, as well as personal fees from AstraZeneca, Chugai-Roche, MSD-Merck, Eli Lilly, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Keisuke Onoi, Kenji Morimoto, Rei Tsutsumi, Takayuki Takeda, Asuka Okada, Nobuyo Tamiya, Yusuke Chihara, Shinsuke Shiotsu, Yoshizumi Takemura, Isao Hasegawa, Yuki Katayama, Masahiro Iwasaku, and Shinsaku Tokuda declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: The datasets generated in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

: All procedures involving human participants performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the tenets of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The review board of each institution approved the study protocol.

: The requirement for informed consent from patients was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study, and an opt-out method was used so that patients and families could opt out of participating in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Concept and design: K. Onoi, Tadaaki Yamada. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: K. Onoi, Tadaaki Yamada, K. Takayama. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: K. Onoi, Tadaaki Yamada. Administrative, technical, or material support: Tadaaki Yamada, K. Takayama. Supervision: Tadaaki Yamada.