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Article History

Accepted: 4 March 2024

First Online: 13 April 2024

Declarations

:

: Open Access funding provided by Saitama Medical University.

: Yoshiro Nakahara received honoraria from Ono, Takeda, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and Bristol Myers Squibb and research funds from Bristol Myers Squibb, and Takeda. Hiroshi Yokouchi received honoraria and research funds from AstraZeneca. Tetsuhiko Asao reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly Japan, Merck Biopharma, MSD, Nippon Kayaku, Ono, Pfizer, Taiho, and Takeda. Satoshi Ikeda received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ono, Taiho, Chugai, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Takeda, and Pfizer; received research funding from AstraZeneca and Chugai; and took on a consulting or advisory role for AstraZeneca, Chugai, and Daiichi Sankyo. Satoru Miura reports personal fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca. Kentaro Ito reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. that includes speaking and lecture fees. Hiroaki Okamoto received research funds from Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Taiho, Astellas, Eli Lilly, and Merck BioPharma. Naoya Nishioka, Hisao Imai, Masahiro Endo, Akifumi Notsu, Kosei Doshita, Satoshi Igawa, Takashi Ninomiya, Takaaki Tokito, Sayo Soda, Takasato Fujiwara, Shinji Nakamichi, Takahisa Kawamura, Minehiko Inomata, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Yasuhiro Goto, Yukihiro Umeda, Soichi Hirai, Ryota Ushio, Keiki Yokoo, Takayuki Takeda, Tomoya Fukui, Masashi Ishihara, Takashi Osaki, Sousuke Kubo, Takumi Fujiwara, Chie Yamamoto, Takeshi Tsuda, Nobumasa Tamura, Shinobu Hosokawa, Yusuke Chihara, and Naoki Furuya declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: The study was approved by the ethics and institutional review boards of all institutions involved.

: Informed consent was obtained from patients in the form of an opt-out on each institution’s website.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Software: Naoya Nishioka; Validation: Naoya Nishioka, Masahiro Endo, Satoshi Ikeda, Yoshiro Nakahara, Naoki Furuya, Satoru Miura; Investigation: Naoya Nishioka, Masahiro Endo, Akifumi Notsu, Kosei Doshita, Satoshi Igawa, Hiroshi Yokouchi, Takashi Ninomiya, Takaaki Tokito, Sayo Soda, Takasato Fujiwara, Tetsuhiko Asao, Shinji Nakamichi, Takahisa Kawamura, Minehiko Inomata, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Kentaro Ito, Yasuhiro Goto, Yukihiro Umeda, Soichi Hirai, Ryota Ushio, Keiki Yokoo, Takayuki Takeda, Tomoya Fukui, Masashi Ishihara, Takashi Osaki, Sousuke Kubo, Takumi Fujiwara, Chie Yamamoto, Takeshi Tsuda, Nobumasa Tamura, Shinobu Hosokawa, Yusuke Chihara, Satoshi Ikeda, Yoshiro Nakahara, Naoki Furuya, Satoru Miura; Visualization: Naoya Nishioka, Masahiro Endo, Akifumi Notsu; Writing – original draft: Naoya Nishioka, Hisao Imai, Satoru Miura, Satoshi Ikeda, Yoshiro Nakahara, Naoki Furuya; Conceptualization: Hisao Imai; Resources: Hisao Imai, Kosei Doshita, Satoshi Igawa, Hiroshi Yokouchi, Takashi Ninomiya, Takaaki Tokito, Sayo Soda, Takasato Fujiwara, Tetsuhiko Asao, Shinji Nakamichi, Takahisa Kawamura, Minehiko Inomata, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Kentaro Ito, Yasuhiro Goto, Yukihiro Umeda, Soichi Hirai, Ryota Ushio, Keiki Yokoo, Takayuki Takeda, Tomoya Fukui, Masashi Ishihara, Takashi Osaki, Sousuke Kubo, Takumi Fujiwara, Chie Yamamoto, Takeshi Tsuda, Nobumasa Tamura, Shinobu Hosokawa, Yusuke Chihara; Project administration: Hisao Imai; Writing – review & editing: Hisao Imai, Satoru Miura, Satoshi Ikeda, Yoshiro Nakahara, Naoki Furuya; Methodology: Hisao Imai; Formal analysis: Akifumi Notsu; Supervision: Hiroaki Okamoto.