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Article History

Accepted: 2 April 2024

First Online: 1 May 2024

Declarations

:

: No external funding was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

: L.R. reports consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Elevar Therapeutics, Exelixis, Genenta, Hengrui, Incyte, Ipsen, IQVIA, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Servier, Taiho Oncology, and Zymeworks; lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Incyte, Ipsen, Merck Serono, Roche, and Servier; travel expenses from AstraZeneca; research grants (to institution) from Agios, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Eisai, Exelixis, Fibrogen, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Servier, and Zymeworks. T.P. received consulting fees from Bayer, Ipsen, and AstraZeneca; institutional research funding from Roche, Bayer, and AstraZeneca; travel expenses from Roche. A.C.G. reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Incyte, Ipsen, IQVIA, MSD, Roche, and Servier; lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Incyte, Ipsen, Roche, and Servier; travel expenses from AstraZeneca; research grants (to institution) from AstraZeneca and Eisai. Margherita Rimini, Gianluca Masi, Sara Lonardi, Federico Nichetti, Daniele Lavacchi, Lucchetti Jessica, Guido Giordano, Mario Scartozzi, Emiliano Tamburini, Alessandro Pastorino, Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli, Bruno Daniele, Erika Martinelli, Ingrid Garajova, Giuseppe Aprile, Marta Schirripa, Vincenzo Formica, Francesca Salani, Costanza Winchler, Francesca Bergamo, Rita Balsano, Eleonora Gusmaroli, Angotti Lorenzo, Matteo Landriscina, Andrea Pretta, Ilaria Toma, Chiara Pirrone, Anna Diana, Francesco Leone, Oronzo Brunetti, Giovanni Brandi, Silvio Ken Garattini, Maria Antonietta Satolli, Federico Rossari, Lorenzo Fornaro, Monica Niger, Valentina Zanuso, Antonio De Rosa, Francesca Ratti, Luca Aldrighetti, Filippo De Braud, Silvia Foti, Mario Domenico Rizzato, Caterina Vivaldi, Cascinu Stefano, and Lorenzo Antonuzzo declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the protocol was approved by the ethics committee of each institution involved in the project. Under the condition of retrospective archival tissue collection and patient data anonymization, our study was exempt from the acquisition of informed consent from patients by the institutional review board.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: Conception and design: A. Casadei-Gardini, M. Rimini, Lorenza Rimassa, Lorenzo Fornaro, Sara Lonardi, Lorenzo Antonuzzo. Acquisition of data (acquired and managed patients): All authors. Analysis and interpretation of data: A. Casadei-Gardini, M. Rimini, Lorenza Rimassa, Lorenzo Fornaro, Sara Lonardi, Lorenzo Antonuzzo. Writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript: A. Casadei-Gardini, M. Rimini, Lorenza Rimassa, Lorenzo Fornaro, Sara Lonardi, Lorenzo Antonuzzo. Final approval of manuscript: All authors.