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Article History

Accepted: 18 December 2024

First Online: 7 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. The project was supported by a research grant (GNT2013565) from Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Michael J. Sorich is supported by a Beat Cancer Principal Research Fellowship from the Cancer Council of South Australia. Ashley M. Hopkins is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Fellowship (APP2008119), with additional funding from the Hospital Research Foundation and Tour De Cure. Ross A. McKinnon was funded by the Cancer Council of South Australia on a Beat Cancer Professional Fellowship during this work.

: Michael J. Sorich and Ross A. McKinnon receive research funding from Pfizer, unrelated to the current work. Andrew Rowland declares investigator-initiated grant funding for projects unrelated to this work from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer Inc. Andrew Rowland declares speaker payments from Boehringer Ingelheim and Genentech. Christos S. Karapetis holds an advisory board role with Roche, BMS, AstraZeneca, Merck and Beigene. Arkady T. Manning-Bennett, Lee X. Li, Adel Shahnam, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa and Ashley M. Hopkins have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: All clinical trials used in the analyses were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The secondary analysis of anonymised patient data was deemed as minimal risk research by the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Officer for Research and Ethics, and was exempted from review.

: Patient consent was affirmed in each of the aforementioned trials.

: All authors have given their consent for publication.

: All TMB and clinical data for all cohorts in this study were accessed and are publicly available via their original publications [, –].

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualisation was performed by MJS. Study methodology and formal analysis were performed by MJS, ATM-B, LXL and AMH, with validation performed by MJS and LXL. Investigation was performed by MJS, ATM-B, AS, GK, CSK, RAM, AYA AR and AMH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MJS, AM-B and AMH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Supervision was performed by MJS and AMH.