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Article History

Accepted: 18 February 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This review was funded by Arvinas Estrogen Receptor, Inc., in collaboration with Pfizer, Inc.

: Erika P Hamilton has served as a consultant or in an advisory role for Arcus, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Ellipses Pharma, Genentech/Roche, Greenwich LifeSciences, iTeos, Janssen, Lilly, Loxo, Mersana, Novartis, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Orum Therapeutics, Pfizer, Relay Therapeutics, Seagen, Stemline Therapeutics, Theratechnologies, Tubulis, and Verascity Science. She has received research grants from AbbVie, Accutar Biotechnology, Acerta Pharma, ADC Therapeutics, Akesobio Australia, Amgen, Aravive, ArQule, Artios, Arvinas, AstraZeneca, AtlasMedx, BeiGene, Black Diamond, Bliss Biopharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cascadian Therapeutics, Clovis, Compugen, Context Therapeutics, Cullinan-Florentine, Curis, CytomX, Daiichi Sankyo, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dantari, Deciphera, Duality Biologics, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Ellipses Pharma, Elucida Oncology, EMD Serono, Fujifilm, G1 Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, H3 Biomedicine, Harpoon, Hutchison MediPharma, ImmunoGen, Immunomedics, Incyte, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, InventisBio, Jacobio, K-Group Beta, Karyopharm, Kind Pharmaceuticals, Leap Therapeutics, Lilly, Loxo Oncology, Lycera, MabSpace Biosciences, MacroGenics, MedImmune, Mersana, Merus, Millennium, Molecular Templates, Novartis, NuCana, Olema, OncoMed, Onconova Therapeutics, Oncothyreon, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, Orinove, Orum Therapeutics, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Pionyr Immunotherapeutics, Plexxikon, Prelude Therapeutics, ProfoundBio, Radius Health, Regeneron, Relay Therapeutics, Repertoire Immune Medicine, Rgenix, Seagen, Sermonix Pharmaceuticals, Shattuck Labs, Stemcentrx, Sutro, Syndax, Syros, Taiho, TapImmune, Tesaro, Tolmar, Torque Therapeutics, Treadwell Therapeutics, Verastem Oncology, Zenith Epigenetics, and Zymeworks. Rinath M Jeselsohn has received research support from Lilly and Pfizer and serves on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Carrick Therapeutics, Genentech, Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer. Linda T Vahdat has served as a consultant for Berg Pharma, Osmol Therapeutics, and Sema4; serves on the advisory board of Immunomedics/Gilead Sciences and Seattle Genetics; and receives research funding from Arvinas, Genentech, and OncoTherapy Sciences. Sara A Hurvitz has the following nonfinancial interests: unpaid Translational Research in Oncology US (TRIO-US) Chief Medical Officer (until January 2023) and unpaid consultant/steering committee member for Arvinas, AstraZeneca, Celcuity, CytomX, Daiichi Sankyo, Dantari, Gilead Sciences, Greenwich Life Sciences, Immunomedics, Lilly, MacroGenics, Novartis, Orum, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Puma Biotechnology, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics/SeaGen, and Zymeworks. Sara A Hurvitz also has the following competing financial interests: contracted research support (which may include editorial assistance) from Ambrx, Amgen, Arvinas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BioMarin, Cascadian Therapeutics, Celcuity, CytomX, Daiichi Sankyo, Dantari, Dignitana, G1 Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Greenwich Life Sciences, GSK, Immunomedics, Lilly, MacroGenics, Merrimack, Novartis, OBI Pharma, Orinove, Orum, Pfizer, Phoenix Molecular Design, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Puma Biotechnology, Radius Health, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics/SeaGen, and Zymeworks.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: No datasets were generated or analyzed for the current manuscript.

: Not applicable.

: Erika P Hamilton contributed to the conceptualization of the topic and manuscript. All authors reviewed, revised, and provided critical feedback on the manuscript. All authors provided final approval of the manuscript.