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Article History

Accepted: 26 March 2025

First Online: 13 April 2025

Declarations

:

: No external funding was used in the preparation of this article.

: Dr. Erman Akkus and Dr. Hatime Arzu Yasar declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article. Dr. Lorenza Rimassa reports grant/research funding (to institution) from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Exelixis, Fibrogen, Incyte, IPSEN, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Servier, Taiho Oncology, TransThera Sciences, and Zymeworks; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Elevar Therapeutics, Exelixis, Genenta, Hengrui, Incyte, IPSEN, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Roche, Servier, Taiho Oncology, and Zymeworks; lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Guerbet, Incyte, IPSEN, Roche, and Servier; and travel expenses from AstraZeneca and Servier. Dr. Angela Lamarca declares travel and educational support from Ipsen, Pfizer, Bayer, AAA, SirtEx, Novartis, Mylan, Delcath Advanz Pharma and Roche; Speaker honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, Incyte, AAA/Novartis, QED, Servier, Astra Zeneca, EISAI, Roche, Advanz Pharma and MSD; Advisory and consultancy honoraria from EISAI, Nutricia, Ipsen, QED, Roche, Servier, Boston Scientific, Albireo Pharma, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GENFIT, TransThera Biosciences, Taiho and MSD; Principal Investigator-associated Institutional Funding form QED, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, Astra Zeneca, GenFit, Panbela Therapeutics, Novocure GmbH, Camurus AB, Albireo Pharma, Taiho, TransThera, Jazz Therapeutics and Roche; Member of the Knowledge Network and NETConnect Initiatives funded by Ipsen.

: The study analyzed publicly available data from published studies. Therefore, ethics approval and informed consent of the patients were not required.

: All authors have consented to publication.

: No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. The studies from which the data are used for meta-analyses are presented in the article and in the references.

: Not applicable.

: All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. EA and AY collected the data. EA and AY performed the analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EA and AY. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript, AL and LR repeatedly revised the draft manuscript and supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.