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Article History

Accepted: 18 April 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by Merck & Co., Inc.

: Manuela Schmidinger has served in a compensated consultant and/or speaker role for BMS, Merck, MSD, Ipsen, Exelixis, Eisai, EUSA, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Janssen, and has received travel support from Ipsen and MSD. Pratik P. Rane, Joseph Burgents, and Murali Sundaram are employed with and owns stock in Merck. Kevin Yan and Eric Druyts declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript. Avivit Peer has received speaker honoraria from MSD, BMS, Astellas Pharma, Janssen Oncology, Bayer, Medison, Roche, AstraZeneca, Merck Serono, Pfizer, and Novartis; has served in a consulting or advisory role for Janssen-Cilag, Astellas Pharma, Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, MSD Oncology, BMS, AstraZeneca, and Merck Serono; and has received travel and accommodation support from Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, and Bayer.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All authors consent to publication of this article.

: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

: Code used for the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Manuela Schmidinger: writing—review and editing and supervision; Pratik P. Rane: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, supervision, and project administration; Kevin Yan: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, and writing—original draft; Eric Druyts: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing—review and editing; Joseph Burgents: writing—review and editing, Murali Sundaram: writing—review and editing and project administration; Avivit Peer: writing—review and editing.