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Article History

Received: 17 July 2025

Accepted: 20 August 2025

First Online: 2 September 2025

Declarations

:

: No external funding was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

: K.Y., A.B., S.H., J.E. and F.M. declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

: The study was approved as a clinical audit at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (registration number: O&P_102). Because of the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available owing to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: K.Y. carried out study conceptualization methodology and writing—original draft preparation; K.Y., A.B., S.H. and J.E. carried out data collection; K.Y. and F.M. carried out formal analysis and investigation; K.Y., A.B., S.H., J.E. and F.M. carried out writing—review and editing.