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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 16 October 2025

First Online: 15 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Eve Merry has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Charlie Gourley has received research grants from AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, BergenBio, Novartis, Aprea, Nucana, Versatem, Roche, Medannexin, Artios and AbbVie; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, MSD, GSK, Verastem, AbbVie, Immunogen and Pharma&; speaker fees from AstraZeneca, MSD, GSK, Cor2Ed, Verastem, AbbVie, Immunogen and Pharma&; fees for participation on a data safety monitoring board/advisory board from AstraZeneca and MSD.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: EM and CG contributed to the preparation and research for the manuscript and EM wrote the manuscript. EM and CG edited and reviewed the manuscript prior to submission.